Albumin - A protein that makes up about 60% of protein in blood. It is responsible for transporting hormones, vitamins and calcium throughout the body.
Alanine Amintotransferase (ALT) - Liver function test that detects early liver disease.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) - Liver function test that also tests for bile duct obstruction, gallbladder disease or bone disorders.
Aspartate transaminase (AST) - Liver function tests show not only liver damage but also can show damage to other organs such as the heart and kidneys.
Amylase - An enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in food digestion. Elevated levels can show a disorder of the pancreas, infection, or alcoholism.
Calcium - A crucial mineral in the body that aids in the proper functioning of nerves and muscles in addition to the formation of bones and a healthy cardiovascular system.
Chloride - An electrolyte that helps regulate the number of fluids and acid base balance in the body. It is often used to diagnose or monitor conditions such as kidney disease, heart failure, liver disease and high blood pressure.
Cholesterol - Fat produced by the liver that can help determine heart disease or other heart illnesses.
CO2 - Waste product made by the body that is carried by blood to the lungs. An abundant or inadequate amount of CO2 in the blood can indicate a health problem.
C-Reactive Protein - A protein in blood that indicates inflammation and asses cardiovascular disease.
Creatinine Kinase - Enzyme that is found in the skeletal muscles and heart. Elevated levels can indicate damage or disease of the skeletal muscles, heart or brain.
Creatinine - Normal end product of creatine (an amino acid found in muscle) High levels can indicate major kidney problems or massive injuries in muscles.
Direct Bilirubin - Attached by the liver to glucuronic acid (a glucose- derived acid) that helps determine liver disease.
LDL - Low density lipoprotein that is considered “bad” cholesterol. Elevated levels are associated with an increased risk of hardening of the arteries and heart disease.
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) - An enzyme that is found in many organs with the highest concentrations found in the liver. GGT is elevated in the blood in most diseases that cause damage to the liver or bile ducts.
Glucose - A carbohydrate that supplies energy to the body. The level of glucose in the blood is used in the diagnosis and treatment of carbohydrate metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
HDL - High-density lipoprotein that is considered “good” cholesterol that carries cholesterol from other parts of the body back to the liver to be removed from the body.
Iron Panel (Includes TIBC calculation) - Essential nutrient that is required for the production of healthy red blood cells. It is a crucial part of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lunges and releases as it circulates to other parts of the body.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - An enzyme that plays an important role in making energy that supplies all of the organs in the body. When these organs are damaged, they release LDH into the bloodstream. Elevated levels can indicate organ damage or disease.
Lipase - An enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in the breakdown of fats to fatty acids, glycerol or other alcohols.
Magnesium - Type of electrolyte that the body needs to help muscles, nerves and the heart to work properly. Also helps to regulate blood pressure and blood sugar.
Phosphorus - Vital for energy production, muscle and nerve function and bone growth. Also plays an important role as a buffer, helping to maintain the body’s acid-base balance.
Potassium - An electrolyte that helps control muscle and nerve activity, maintain fluid levels and also helps maintain the body’s acid-bases balance.
Rheumatoid Factor - Protein produced by the immune system that can attack healthy tissues in the body. High levels are most often associated with autoimmune disease.
Sodium - An electrolyte that helps maintain fluid levels and balance of chemicals in the body. Elevated levels indication kidney disease, dehydration or other medical conditions.
Total Protein - Measures two types of protein produced in the body-albumin and globulin. Used to diagnose certain issues like fatigue, kidney function or liver disease.
Total Bilirubin - The total sum of bilirubin produced by the body. Aids in the detection of liver disease.
Transferrin - Main protein in blood that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body. Aids in the diagnosis of iron deficiency or iron overload.
Triglycerides - A type of fat found in blood. During digestion, the body converts any calories it doesn’t need to use immediately into triglycerides that are stored in fat cells. Elevated levels are often a sign of heart disease, obesity, stroke or metabolic syndromes.
Urea Nitrogen - A waste product that is formed from the metabolism of protein, which is then carried to the kidneys and eliminated in urine.
Uric Acid - Normal body waste product found in blood. An excess of uric acid can form and collect in joints that can lead to painful inflammation called gout.
Urine Microalbumin - A urine test that checks for small amounts of the protein albumin that can be a sign of kidney disease.
C-Peptide - Substance made in the pancreas that controls the body’s glucose levels. Elevated levels can lead to diabetes.
Hemoglobin A1C
Valuable measure of the overall blood sugar levels over a period of time (2-3 months).
Ferritin - Protein that contains iron that can show iron deficiency.
Folate - Vitamin that is crucial in red blood cell formation and healthy cell growth and function. Folate deficiency can occur in people who have conditions, such as celiac disease.
ProBNP - Protein that helps evaluate the severity of heart disease including congestive heart failure.
Prostate –specific antigen (PSA) - Protein produced by the prostate gland that when elevated aids in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Vitamin B12 - Vitamin that can help diagnose anemia or neuropathy.
Urinalysis can determine several health problems ranging from kidney function to urinary tract infections. It also identifies substances that can cause metabolic problems as well as screen for diabetes.
Cortisol AM and PM- The body’s “fight or flight” hormone that is secreted by the adrenal glands to help control mood, motivation and fear. Aids in keeping inflammation down, regulating blood pressure, controlling sleep/wake cycle.
Estradiol - A hormone that helps mature and maintain the reproductive cycle. While men and women produced estradiol, it is most prominent in females. During the menstrual cycle, increased estradiol levels cause the maturation and release of the egg, as well as the thickening of the uterus lining to allow a fertilized egg to implant. The hormone is made primarily in the ovaries, so levels decline as women age and decrease significantly during menopause.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Hormone that made by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in sexual development and function. In women, FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries. FSH levels in women change throughout the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels happening just before an egg is released by the ovary. This is known as ovulation. In men, FSH helps control the production of sperm. Normally, FSH levels in men do not change very much. In children, FSH levels are usually low until puberty when levels begin to rise. In girls, it helps signal the ovaries to make estrogen. In boys, it helps signal the testes to make testosterone.
Free Thyroxine (FT4) - Help evaluate thyroid function and diagnose thyroid diseases, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, usually after discovering that the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is abnormal.
Free triiodothyronine (FT3) - A form of the T3 hormone that is used to diagnose thyroid disease. Plays an important role in controlling weight, body temperature, muscle strength and nervous system.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(HcG) Quantitative and Qualitative - Pregnancy test that determines both a confirmation of pregnancy as well as an approximation of weeks pregnant a woman is.
Insulin- Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates sugar metabolism in the body.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - Hormone that helps the reproductive system, specifically a woman’s ovaries and man’s testes.
Progesterone - Progesterone prepares the endometrium for the potential of pregnancy after ovulation. It triggers the lining to thicken to accept a fertilized egg. It also prohibits the muscle contractions in the uterus that would cause the body to reject an egg. While the body is producing high levels of progesterone, the body will not ovulate.
Prolactin- Prolactin is a hormone produced by your pituitary gland which sits at the bottom of the brain. Prolactin causes breasts to grow and develop and causes milk to be made after a baby is born. Normally, both men and women have small amounts of prolactin in their blood. Prolactin levels are controlled by other hormones called prolactin inhibiting factors (PIFs), such as dopamine.
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (sHBG)- This test measures the level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in your blood. SHBG is a protein made by your liver. It binds tightly to 3 sex hormones found in both men and women. Although SHBG binds 3 hormones, the hormone that’s critical in this test is testosterone. SHBG controls the amount of testosterone that your body tissues can use.
Testosterone, Total - Testosterone is a hormone found in humans, as well as in other animals. In men, the testicles primarily make testosterone. Women’s ovaries also make testosterone, though in much smaller amounts. Testosterone is most often associated with sex drive and plays a vital role in sperm production. It also affects bone and muscle mass, the way men store fat in the body, and even red blood cell production.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays an important role in regulating your weight, body temperature, muscle strength and even mood.
Thyroxine(T4) - Thyroxine is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. It plays vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones.
Triiodothyronine (T3) - Hormone to regulate how the body uses energy. Plays an important role in controlling weight, body temperature, muscle strength and nervous system
Thyroid Peroxidase (A-TPO)- Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme normally found in the thyroid gland. TPO plays an important role in the production of thyroid hormones. A TPO test detects antibodies against TPO in the blood.
Thyroglobulin Antibody (A-TG)- Thyroglobulin autoantibodies bind thyroglobulin (Tg), a major thyroid-specific protein. A-Tg plays a crucial role in thyroid hormone synthesis, storage, and release. A- Tg is not secreted into the systemic circulation under normal circumstances. However, follicular destruction through inflammation (thyroiditis and autoimmune hypothyroidism), hemorrhage (nodular goiter), or rapid disordered growth of thyroid tissue, as may be observed in Graves’ disease or follicular cell-derived thyroid neoplasms, can result in leakage of A-Tg into the blood stream.
T-Uptake- Thyroid hormone uptake (“T-uptake”) assays provide information on the number of thyroid hormone binding sites, consisting primarily of thyroid binding globulin, thyroxine binding prealbumin and albumin
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - Secreted by the parathyroid glands and is the most important regulator of blood calcium levels.
Anti-Hepatitis A Virus IgM Antibody ( A-HAV IGM) - Antibody tests that detects the first antibody produced by the body when an individual is exposed to Hepatitis A. This test is used to detect early or recent infections and to diagnose the disease in people with symptoms of acute hepatitis.
Anti-Hepatitis B Core IgM Antibody (A-HBC IGM) - The presence of anti-HBc indicates previous or ongoing infection with hepatitis B virus in an undefined time frame. IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc): Positivity indicates recent infection with hepatitis B virus (<6 mos). Its presence indicates acute infection.
Anti-Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBS) - Anti-HBs or HBsAb (Hepatitis B surface antibody) – A “positive” or “reactive” anti-HBs (or HBsAb) test result indicates that a person is protected against the hepatitis B virus. This protection can be the result of receiving the hepatitis B vaccine or successfully recovering from a past hepatitis B infection.
Hepatitis C Virus Antibody (HCV) - Antibody test to determine if an individual was exposed to the Hepatitis C virus.
Hepatitis A virus Antibodies IgM and IgG (AHAV) - Antibody test to diagnosis a present or past infection of a person exposed to the Hepatits A Virus.
Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (HBsAG) - Antibody test that is the first serologic marker to appear in a new acute infection of Hepatitis B.
HIV- The HIV screen test is for the simultaneous qualitative detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV Type 1 (HIV-1 groups M and O) and HIV Type 2 (HIV-2). If the HIV-1,2 combo antigen/antibodies screen is repeatedly reactive, then the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Antibody Confirmation by Western Blot will be added. Additional charges apply.
Syphilis (Treponemal test) – Antibody test that detects the Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum is the etiologic agent of syphilis. Syphilis is usually transmitted sexually, but it can also be passed vertically from mother to child either in utero (congenital syphilis) or perinatally during birth.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
This automated test shows the kind and number of cells in your blood that physicians use to evaluate symptoms and help diagnose conditions and illness. It specifically measures White and red blood cell counts as well as platelets to determine any abnormalities in whole blood.
Manual Differentials
A manual test in which peripheral blood is put onto a microscope slide and analyzed by a technician to distinguish different white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets that some automated analyzers do not read.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Indirectly measures the degree of inflammation as a part of the body’s immune response. This is used as a screening test and not diagnostic and provides general information about possible presence of an inflammatory condition.
Patients with abnormalities of the vascular platelet phase of hemostasis present with purpura (petechiae and ecchymoses) and spontaneous bruising. They may have mucosal bleeding and hemorrhages. Commonly, the problem is either thrombocytopenia, easily evaluated by a platelet count, or abnormal platelet function, which can be diagnosed with platelet function studies. The most common acquired platelet function abnormalities are drug induced (aspirin and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents) and uremia. The most common hereditary abnormality is von Willebrand's disease.
PT- The PT measures the time necessary to generate fibrin after activation of factor VII. It measures the integrity of the "extrinsic" and "common" pathways (factors VII, V, X, prothrombin, and fibrinogen).
APTT- The aPTT measures the time necessary to generate fibrin from initiation of the intrinsic pathway
Fibrinogen- Fibrinogen is a protein produced by the liver. This protein helps stop bleeding by helping blood clots to form. A blood test can be done to tell how much fibrinogen you have in the blood.
Thrombin Time Test- This test measures the time necessary to drive the reaction of fibrinogen to fibrin in the presence of thrombin. It measures the integrity of this reaction and isolates an abnormality to either a decrease in normal fibrinogen or an inhibitor to its activation.
Factor Deficiency Factors VII and VIII-
Factor VII deficiency is an inherited bleeding disorder that is caused by a problem with factor VII. Because the body produces less factor VII than it should, or because factor VII is not working properly, the clotting reaction is blocked prematurely and the blood clot does not form.
Factor VIII deficiency test measures the activity of factor VIII, a blood-clotting protein. The test can find out whether you have hemophilia A or another clotting disorder.
Lupus Anticoagulant -This is a special blood test to find out if your body is making certain antibodies or proteins that cause you to have a blood-clotting disorder. It does not test for lupus, a specific type of an autoimmune disorder.
Protein C -This test measures the level of protein C in your blood. Protein C helps your blood clot normally. If you have too little protein C (protein C deficiency), it means that your blood may clot too much. Having too much protein C doesn't often cause any health problems.
Antithrombin- The antithrombin activity and antigen tests are used to help find out what may be causing abnormal blood clots in your body.
D-Dimer- D-dimer is a protein fragment from the breakdown of a blood clot. Blood clots generally start to slowly break down after they are formed, and this process releases D-dimer into the blood.
Von Willebrand Factor- Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder that causes excessive bleeding from minor injuries or normal physical processes, such as menstruation. It's the most common inherited bleeding disorder, but few people with the disease have symptoms.
UTI (Molecular) Testing with reflex antibiotic resistance testing:
Compared to new and improved molecular methods, urine culture is laborious, expensive, and time-consuming, with a minimum turnaround time of 24 to 72 hours.This delay is an issue because when the UTI is left untreated for too long, it can lead to serious conditions such as renal damage and C. diff colitis.
Urine culture has low sensitivity in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are culture-independent molecular methods available for use to diagnose UTI.
There is an urgent need for fast and accurate diagnosis of UTIs that will, in turn, lead to timely and effective therapies. In this regard, technologies such as PCR are a key step toward rapid and improved identification of uropathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns.
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Chlamydia trachomatis -Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It is a bacterial infection spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex with someone who has the infection. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the most sensitive tests for the screening and diagnosis of genital chlamydial infections. NAATs are more sensitive than previously available diagnostic tests (culture, antigen detection, or nucleic acid hybridization) by at least 20 to 30%. |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae - This test provides a urine screening for Genital Gonorrhea. The test looks for the bacteria responsible for infection. |
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Trichomonas vaginalis - Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite. In women, trichomoniasis can cause a foul-smelling vaginal discharge, genital itching and painful urination. Men who have trichomoniasis typically have no symptoms. Pregnant women who have trichomoniasis might be at higher risk of delivering their babies prematurely. |
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Mycoplasma genitalium - Mycoplasma genitalium (or Mgen) is an STD that can cause infection among people of any gender. Mgen can infect the cervix (opening to the uterus), inside the penis (the urethra), or the rectum. Symptoms include vaginal and penile discharge and/or burning sensation during urination. A person with Mgen can pass the infection to someone even when they have no signs or symptoms. NAAT testing can accurately diagnose Mgen which can be treated with appropriate antibiotics. |
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Mycoplasma hominis - These bacteria live in the urogenital tract of roughly 50 percent of all women and less than that in men. If you’re generally in good health, mycoplasma hominis rarely causes an infection. However, if you’re experiencing symptoms, testing is recommended. Additionally, the likelihood of M. hominis colonizing appears to be directly linked to the number of lifetime sexual partners. |
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Ureaplasma parvum - Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum are common commensal organisms found in the lower urogenital tracts of many sexually active adults. These organisms can produce urogenital infections in men and women and can be transmitted sexually between individuals and vertically from mother to offspring. Persons who are immunosuppressed due to congenital antibody deficiencies, following organ transplantation, or because they are extremely preterm neonates may be susceptible to disseminated infection. |
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Ureaplasma urealyticum - Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum are common commensal organisms found in the lower urogenital tracts of many sexually active adults. These organisms can produce urogenital infections in men and women and can be transmitted sexually between individuals and vertically from mother to offspring. Persons who are immunosuppressed due to congenital antibody deficiencies, following organ transplantation, or because they are extremely preterm neonates may be susceptible to disseminated infection. |
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Herpes (HSV) – Herpes is a widespread viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that has no permanent cure to date. There are two subtypes, HSV-1 and HSV-2, that are known to cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from acute to chronic. HSV is highly contagious and can be transmitted via any type of physical contact. Additionally, viral shedding can also happen from asymptomatic infections. Thus, early and accurate detection of HSV is needed to prevent the transmission of this infection. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1): HSV-1 is the cause of most cases of oral herpes and is often contracted during childhood. HSV-1 can also be spread to the genitals during oral sex. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2): HSV-2 is the most common cause of genital herpes. HSV-2 can also be spread to the mouth during oral sex, causing infections of the mouth or lips. HSV-2 is typically spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, or anal sex. |
The most common causes of infectious vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis (BV), candida vaginitis (CV), and trichomoniasis (TV). Vaginitis is one of the most frequent reasons women seek medical care, with an estimated 70% of patients diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, CV/vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), or trichomoniases (sexually transmitted).
Women with trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis are at a greater risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes simplex virus (HSV).
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Trichomonas vaginalis |
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Candida albicans |
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Candida krusei |
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Candida dubliniensis |
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Candida glabrata |
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Candida tropicalis |
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Candida parapsilosis |
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Gardnerella vaginalis |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19 PCR TESTING)
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19)
INFLUENZA A
INFLUENZA B
RSV
Bacteria
Campylobacter (jejuni, coli, and upsaliensis)
Clostridium difficile (toxin A/B)
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Salmonella
Yersinia enterocolitica
Vibrio (parahaemolyticus, vulnificus, and cholerae)
Vibrio cholerae
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli/Shigella
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) lt/st
Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) stx1/stx2
E. coli 0157
Shigella/Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Viruses
Adenovirus F 40/41
Astrovirus
Norovirus GI/GII
Rotavirus A
Sapovirus (genogroups I, II, IV, and V)
Parasites
Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-
baumannii complex
Bacteroides fragilis
Enterobacterales
Enterobacter cloacae complex
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella aerogenes
Klebsiella oxytoca
Klebsiella pneumoniae group
Proteus spp.
Salmonella spp.
Serratia marcescens
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus spp.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Streptococcus spp.
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
YEAST
Candida albicans
Candida auris
Candida glabrata
Candida krusei
Candida parapsilosis
Candida tropicalis
Cryptococcus (C. neoformans/C. gattii)
ANTIMICROBIAL
RESISTANCE GENES
Carbapenemases
IMP
KPC
OXA-48-like
NDM
VIM
Colistin Resistance
mcr-1
ESBL
CTX-M
Methicillin Resistance
mecA/C
mecA/C and MREJ (MRSA)
Vancomycin Resistance
vanA/B
GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
Anaerococcus prevotii/vaginalis
Clostridium perfringens
Cutibacterium avidum/granulosum
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Finegoldia magna
Parvimonas micra
Peptoniphilus
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Streptococcus spp.
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Bacteroides fragilis
Citrobacter
Enterobacter cloacae complex
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Kingella kingae
Klebsiella aerogenes
Klebsiella pneumoniae group
Morganella morganii
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Proteus spp.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella spp.
Serratia marcescens
YEAST
Candida spp.
Candida albicans
ANTIMICROBIAL
RESISTANCE GENES
Carbapenemases
IMP
KPC
NDM
OXA-48-like
VIM
ESBL
CTX-M
Methicillin Resistance
mecA/C and MREJ (MRSA)
Vancomycin Resistance
vanA/B
We are a physician owned and operated laboratory specializing in Comprehensive Toxicological Urine Drug Testing and Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Respiratory Pathogens.